A grave warning comes today from the IMF.
Most worrying is the explicit comparison the IMF makes with the Great Depression - something even bearish commentators have skirted around so far for fear of being alarmist. The IMF lays it on the line:
A recession began in the United States in August 1929. A tightening of monetary policy during the previous year, aimed at stemming stock market speculation, is widely seen as the initial cause. The stock market crashed in October 1929, which prompted a sharp decline in consumption, partly because of increased uncertainty about future income.
The recession intensified and turned into a depression over the course of 1931–32. Pernicious feedback loops between the financial sector and the real economy emerged, leading to entrenched debt deflation and four waves of bank runs and failures between 1930 and 1933. Private consumption and investment contracted sharply.
and today:
Despite the differences in mechanics, the effects on the behavior of financial intermediaries are similar. Funding problems have led to balance sheet contraction (deleveraging), fire sales of assets (adding to downward pressure on prices), increased holdings of liquid assets, and decreased lending (or holdings of risky assets) as a share of total assets. Moreover, with today’s highly interconnected financial system, there has been gridlock because of network effects in a world of multiple trading and large gross positions. The ultimate effects of these financial factors on the real economy are similar in the two episodes.
The IMF explicitly warns that it fears debt deflation - the hallmark, according to US economist Irving Fisher of the Great Depression’s economics:
There is continued pressure on asset prices, lending remains constrained by financial sector deleveraging and widespread lack of confidence in financial intermediaries, financial shocks have affected real activity on a global scale , and inflation is decelerating rapidly and is likely to approach values close to zero in a number of countries. Moreover, declining activity is beginning to create feedback effects that affect the solvency of financial intermediaries, which risks of debt deflation have increased.